Faith Nyasuguta
Over the weekend, M23 rebels entered the city centre of Bukavu, the second-largest city in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), marking a significant development in the ongoing conflict. Backed by Rwanda, the rebels faced little resistance, as Congolese troops reportedly withdrew to avoid urban fighting. Their arrival was met with mixed reactions, while some residents celebrated with chants and cheers, others remained indoors, fearful of potential violence and looting.
This marks the second major city that M23 has seized this year, following their rapid offensive on Goma in North Kivu in January. The group’s advance south into Bukavu highlights their growing territorial control since their resurgence in 2022.
Conflicting reports initially made it difficult to confirm the extent of their occupation, but the Congolese government acknowledged M23’s presence while maintaining that the rebels did not fully control the city.
As M23 forces moved into Bukavu, sporadic gunfire was reported, along with looting incidents targeting a World Food Programme depot and local supermarkets. The chaos prompted most residents to stay off the streets, leaving parts of the city eerily quiet for hours. Despite the unrest, some civilians welcomed the rebels, reflecting complex local dynamics and dissatisfaction with the Congolese government and military.
M23’s resurgence is rooted in long-standing grievances over political marginalization and ethnic tensions in eastern DRC. The group, predominantly composed of Tutsi fighters, claims to defend the interests of Congolese Tutsis against armed groups hostile to their community. However, their actions have intensified regional tensions, particularly with Rwanda accused of supporting M23, allegations Kigali denies.
The rapid territorial gains by M23 have heightened fears of a broader regional conflict, drawing international concern. The United Nations and African Union have urged all parties to de-escalate. During an African Union summit, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres stressed the importance of preserving the DRC’s territorial integrity and called for restraint to avoid further escalation.
Meanwhile, diplomatic efforts continue as regional leaders seek solutions to the crisis. The East African Community (EAC) had deployed a regional military force to stabilize eastern DRC, but its effectiveness remains uncertain amid ongoing clashes. As Bukavu adjusts to the new reality, the situation remains tense, and the risk of further conflict looms.
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